How to Migrate Posts from Wordpress to Drupal 8

In this post I will show you how to migrate thumbnail content from Wordpress to Drupal 8. My goals are to help you better understand the content migration process, give you starting point for future migrations, and teach you how to write process plugins and migration sources. Taxonomy terms and users migration is more straightforward so I won't cover it here.

This migration example contains templates to migrate thumbnails content. For this post, I assume the image/thumbnail field is using the Media module field. I will be using the Migrate drush module to run migrations.

First, make sure to configure your connection in your settings.php file. Add the following with proper credentials:

$databases['migrate']['default'] = [
    'driver'   => 'mysql',
    'database' => 'wordpress_dbname',
    'username' => 'wordpress_dbuser',
    'password' => 'wordpress_dbpassowrd',
    'host'     => '127.0.0.1',
];

Here is the module structure I will be using:

wp_migration/
  - wp_migration.info.yml
  - wp_migration.module
  - migration_templates/
    - wp_content.yml
    - wp_thumbnail.yml
    - wp_media.yml
  - src/
    - Plugin/
      - migrate/
        - process/
          - AddUrlAliasPrefix.php
          - DateToTimestamp.php
        - source/
          - SqlBase.php
          - Content.php
          - Thumbnail.php

Contents of the wp_wordpress.info.yml file:

name: Wordpress Migration
type: module
description: Migrate Wordpress content into Drupal 8.
core: 8.x
dependencies:
  - migrate
  - migrate_drupal
  - migrate_drush

Contents of the migration_templates/wp_thumbnail.yml file:

id: wp_thumbnail
label: 'Thumbnails'
migration_tags:
  - Wordpress
source:
  plugin: wordpress_thumbnail
  # This is WP table prefix  (custom variable)
  # DB table example: [prefix]_posts
  table_prefix: wp
  constants:
    # This path should point ot WP uploads directory.
    source_base_path: '/path/to/source/wp/uploads'
    # This is directory name in Drupal where to store migrated files
    uri_file: 'public://wp-thumbnails'
process:
  filename: filename
  source_full_path:
    -
      plugin: concat
      delimiter: /
      source:
        - constants/source_base_path
        - filepath
    -
      plugin: urlencode
  uri_file:
    -
      plugin: concat
      delimiter: /
      source:
        - constants/uri_file
        - filename
    -
      plugin: urlencode
  uri:
    plugin: file_copy
    source:
      - '@source_full_path'
      - '@uri_file'
  status: 
    plugin: default_value
    default_value: 1
  changed: 
    plugin: date_to_timestamp
    source: post_date
  created: 
    plugin: date_to_timestamp
    source: post_date
  uid: 
    plugin: default_value
    default_value: 1
destination:
  plugin: 'entity:file'
migration_dependencies:
  required: {}
  optional: {}

Contents of the migration_templates/wp_media.yml file:

id: wp_media
label: 'Media'
migration_tags:
  - Wordpress
source:
  plugin: wordpress_thumbnail
  # This is WP table prefix  (custom variable)
  # DB table example: [prefix]_posts
  table_prefix: wp
  constants:
    bundle: image
process:
  bundle: 'constants/bundle'
  langcode:
    plugin: default_value
    default_value: en
  'field_image/target_id':
    -
      plugin: migration
      migration: wp_thumbnail
      source: post_id
    -
      plugin: skip_on_empty
      method: row
destination:
  plugin: 'entity:media'
migration_dependencies:
  required: {}
  optional: {}

Contents of the migration_templates/wp_content.yml file:

id: wp_content
label: 'Content'
migration_tags:
  - Wordpress
source:
  plugin: wordpress_content
  # Wordpress post type (custom variable)
  post_type: post
  # This is WP table prefix  (custom variable)
  # DB table example: [prefix]_posts
  table_prefix: wp
process:
  type:
    plugin: default_value
    default_value: article
  'path/pathauto':
    plugin: default_value
    default_value: 0
  'path/alias':
    # This will add the following to URL aliases in Drupal
    plugin: add_url_alias_prefix
    # url/alias/prefix/2017/07/21/[post-title]
    prefix: url/alias/prefix
    source: path_alias
  promote: 
    plugin: default_value
    default_value: 0
  sticky: 
    plugin: default_value
    default_value: 0
  langcode:
    plugin: default_value
    default_value: en
  status: 
    plugin: default_value
    default_value: 1
  title: post_title
  created: 
    plugin: date_to_timestamp
    source: post_date
  changed: 
    plugin: date_to_timestamp
    source: post_modified
  field_image:
    -
      plugin: migration
      migration: wp_media
      source: thumbnail
    -
      plugin: skip_on_empty
      method: row
  'body/summary': post_excerpt
  'body/format':
    plugin: default_value
    default_value: full_html
  'body/value': post_content
destination:
  plugin: 'entity:node'
migration_dependencies:
  required: {}
  optional: {}

Contents of the src/Plugin/migrate/process/AddUrlAliasPrefix.php file:

configuration['prefix']) ? '/' . $this->configuration['prefix'] : '';
    return $prefix . $value;
  }

}

Contents of the src/Plugin/migrate/process/DateToTimestamp.php file:

I like to keep my module code clean and organized so I use base classes that I later extend in individual migration source files.

Here is contents of the src/Plugin/migrate/source/SqlBase.php file:

configuration['table_prefix']) ? $this->configuration['table_prefix'] : 'wp';
  }

  /**
   * Get Wordpress post type from the migration template.
   */
  protected function getPostType() {
    return !empty($this->configuration['post_type']) ? $this->configuration['post_type'] : 'post';
  }

  /**
   * Generate path alias via pattern specified in `permalink_structure`.
   */
  protected function generatePathAlias(Row $row) {
    $prefix = $this->getPrefix();
    $permalink_structure = $this->select($prefix . '_options', 'o', ['target' => 'migrate'])
      ->fields('o', ['option_value'])
      ->condition('o.option_name', 'permalink_structure')
      ->execute()
      ->fetchField();
    $date = new \DateTime($row->getSourceProperty('post_date'));
    $parameters = [
      '%year%'     => $date->format('Y'),
      '%monthnum%' => $date->format('m'),
      '%day%'      => $date->format('d'),
      '%postname%' => $row->getSourceProperty('post_name'),
    ];
    $url = str_replace(array_keys($parameters), array_values($parameters), $permalink_structure);
    return rtrim($url, '/');
  }

  /**
   * Get post thumbnail.
   */
  protected function getPostThumbnail(Row $row) {
    $prefix = $this->getPrefix();
    $query = $this->select($prefix . '_postmeta', 'pm', ['target' => 'migrate']);
    $query->innerJoin($prefix . '_postmeta', 'pm2', 'pm2.post_id = pm.meta_value');
    $query->fields('pm', ['post_id'])
      ->condition('pm.post_id', $row->getSourceProperty('id'))
      ->condition('pm.meta_key', '_thumbnail_id')
      ->condition('pm2.meta_key', '_wp_attached_file');
    return $query->execute()->fetchField();
  }

}

Contents of the src/Plugin/migrate/source/Thumbnail.php file:

getPrefix();
    $query = $this->select($prefix . '_postmeta', 'pm', ['target' => 'migrate']);
    $query->innerJoin($prefix . '_postmeta', 'pm2', 'pm2.post_id = pm.meta_value');
    $query->innerJoin($prefix . '_posts', 'p', 'p.id = pm.post_id');
    $query->fields('pm', ['post_id']);
    $query->fields('p', ['post_date']);
    $query->addField('pm2', 'post_id', 'file_id');
    $query->addField('pm2', 'meta_value', 'filepath');
    $query
      ->condition('pm.meta_key', '_thumbnail_id')
      ->condition('pm2.meta_key', '_wp_attached_file')
      ->condition('p.post_status', 'publish')
      ->condition('p.post_type', 'post');
    return $query;
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function fields() {
    return [
      'post_id'   => $this->t('Post ID'),
      'post_date' => $this->t('Media Uploaded Date'),
      'file_id'   => $this->t('File ID'),
      'filepath'  => $this->t('File Path'),
      'filename'  => $this->t('File Name'),
    ];
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function getIds() {
    return [
      'post_id' => [
        'type'  => 'integer',
        'alias' => 'pm2',
      ],
    ];
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function prepareRow(Row $row) {
    $row->setSourceProperty('filename', basename($row->getSourceProperty('filepath')));
  }

}

Contents of the src/Plugin/migrate/source/Content.php file:

getPrefix();
    $query = $this->select($prefix . '_posts', 'p');
    $query
      ->fields('p', [
        'id',
        'post_date',
        'post_title',
        'post_content',
        'post_excerpt',
        'post_modified',
        'post_name'
      ]);
    $query->condition('p.post_status', 'publish');
    $query->condition('p.post_type', $this->getPostType());
    return $query;
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function fields() {
    return [
      'id'            => $this->t('Post ID'),
      'post_title'    => $this->t('Title'),
      'thumbnail'     => $this->t('Post Thumbnail'),
      'post_excerpt'  => $this->t('Excerpt'),
      'post_content'  => $this->t('Content'),
      'post_date'     => $this->t('Created Date'),
      'post_modified' => $this->t('Modified Date'),
      'path_alias'    => $this->t('URL Alias'),
    ];
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function getIds() {
    return [
      'id' => [
        'type'  => 'integer',
        'alias' => 'p',
      ],
    ];
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function prepareRow(Row $row) {
    // This will generate path alias using WP alias settings.
    $row->setSourceProperty('path_alias', $this->generatePathAlias($row));
    // Get thumbnail ID and pass it to the wp_media migration plugin.
    $row->setSourceProperty('thumbnail', $this->getPostThumbnail($row));
  }

}

IMPORTANT: You must run migrations in their proper order. In this example you have to run wp_thumbnail first, wp_media second and wp_content last.

Comments Not Loading?

Due to some temporarily SSL cert issue please refresh the page using this link in order to be able to leave comments.